فصلنامه بیهوشی و درد
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

Low back pain is a musculoskeletal disorder with an annual prevalence of 18.6%. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation with medicine ball on directed and general co-contraction of knee joint muscles in low back patients during walking,

The present study was a clinical trial. The statistical population of the present study included patients with low back pain in the age range of 20-30 years in Ardabil in 1399. Participants in the study included 20 men with low back pain, who were randomly assigned (names were placed in a bag and identified randomly and one among extracts and groups) in two The exercise group and the control group were divided. The training group performed 12 sessions of strengthening exercises of the central muscles of the body with the beta medicine ball. Selected muscle activity during walking was recorded in two groups during pre- and post-test

Findings demonstrated that general contraction during loading and mid-stance phases increased significantly at post-test than that pre-test. Paired wise comparison demonstrated that directed flexor/extensor knee joint contraction during push off phase increased significantly.

Exercise therapy with medicine ball improved directed and general co-contraction of knee joint muscles in low back pain patients during walking.

In the last two decades, the prevalence of neck pain has been increasing and now it is considered the second musculoskeletal disorder after back pain. The general purpose of this research is to compare the effect of a course of posture correction and strength exercises with emphasis on the head and neck position on Pain, weakness of neck muscles and range of motion of inactive men with chronic neck pain.

The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test Materials and Methods The statistical population was composed of inactive men with chronic neck pain in Tehran, who were selected by random sampling of 30 men who do not do any sports activities during the day (inactive) and have chronic neck pain. After the pre-test, the samples were randomly divided into three groups of 10 people who were trained for 6 weeks. In order to measure the research variables, VAS pain scale, Roland Morris disability index and neck flexion and extension (lateral flexion and neck rotation) were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS24 software.

The results of the t-test showed that postural and strength correction exercises had a significant effect on the research variables. In addition, the results of the analysis of variance test showed that there is a significant difference between the control group and the two training groups in all variables, but between the two groups of postural correction and strength correction exercises on the variables examined in this research, it was not statistically significant.

The results of the research showed that doing sports exercises had a significant effect on reducing the complications related to chronic neck pain in this research, so it is possible to use sports exercises to improve the condition of neck pain in people with neck pain problems, and on the other hand, the cost reduced the treatment..

Considering that the complications of extubation in children are much more and more dangerous than in adults and there is no comprehensive and sufficient data that can be cited based on the studies conducted, the present study aims to compare airway complications Two methods of deep and awake extubation were performed in children under general anesthesia.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on the PRISMA statement during 1401 by searching the keywords extubation, deep, awake, anesthesia, pediatrics and complications in the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, KoreaMed, Central Registry of Controlled Trials. Cochrane, CINAH, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English articles and SID and Magiran were searched for Farsi articles and the overall results were reported.

11 randomized trials with 1245 participants were evaluated in this study, the risk of overall airway complications in the deep extubation group was lower than the awake extubation group (OR=0.56: 0.96-0.33: CI95%-04 /0=P); Also, the level of heterogeneity of the articles was moderate (I2=75%).

Deep extubation leads to less incidence of airway complications in children under general anesthesia.

Sciatica pain is one of the most costly disorders for society in terms of quality of life and disability. The purpose of this research is the effect of selected corrective exercises on the pain of the sciatic nerve of athletes.

The statistical population of this research was made up of 30 athletic students of Arak University with a history of sciatica pain and medical records. The participants in this research were selected from students with sciatica pain who were approved by physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists and had the conditions to enter the research. And the subjects were randomly divided into two control (15 people) and experimental (15 people) groups. People with sciatica pain were in the age range of 18-30 years.

Based on the results of the t-test, it was found that the selected corrective exercises led to a decrease in the intensity of sciatica pain in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05).

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the selected corrective exercises lead to a reduction in the intensity of pain in athletes with sciatica pain, and corrective exercises can be used as a simple and accessible protocol for the treatment of this pain. .

Increased fatigue causes injuries, the purpose of this article was to investigate the angular displacement of the hip and knee joints in girls with patellofemoral syndrome.

 Thirty girls with an average age (age 28.73±1.83, height 168.49±5.59, weight 63.73±12.73) participated in this study in two groups of 15, experimental and control. The jet evaluation test was taken from the subjects' knee and thigh angle, then these tests were repeated with the application of different inclines of the treadmill; that the tests were examined in a neutral position and in a positive and negative slope of 5 degrees. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data and the Shapirovik test was used for the normalization of the data to compare and examine the variables in the two research groups using independent t-test and repeated analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05.

 Based on independent t-test and repeated analysis of variance, there is no significant difference between different treadmill slopes on the amount of angular displacement of knee and hip joints in girls with patellofemoral syndrome. (p<0.05)

  In general, according to the current studies of people with patellofemoral syndrome, running on steep inclines, as well as running on a treadmill and making the incline angle of the treadmill within the limit of minus 5% to plus 5%, does not affect the improvement of this condition, and it is not recommended. And according to the research, girls with patellofemoral syndrome should be placed on the treadmill at an inclined angle to run.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance & commitment therapy (ACT) with logotherapy (LT) on pain catastrophizing & quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.

This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with follow-up. The study population consisted of all women with breast cancer who were undergoing postmastectomy radiotherapy in Tabriz in 2022. In total, 45 women were selected by a purposive sampling method, and divided into three groups, 15 each. The ntervention groups received their respective treatments over 8 sessions of 1.5 hours. The control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were the 13-question questionnaires of pain catastrophizing by Sullivan et al and the 36-question quality of life questionnaires. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance.

In the pretest, mean and standard deviation of ACT for pain catastrophizing was (40/00±4/97) & for quality of life was (39/93±4/72); in LT for for pain catastrophizing was (39/07±4/31) & for quality of life was (40/73±5/02); and in the control group for pain catastrophizing was (39/47±4/29) & for quality of life was (40/33±3/69). Both treatments compared to the control group, reduced pain catastrophizing and increased quality of life of patients after the test (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of these two treatments on pain catastrophizing and quality of life was lasting (p<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on pain catastrophizing and quality of life at posttest and follow-up was not different (p>0.05).

acceptance & commitment therapy & logotherapy  Reduces the pain catastrophizing and increases quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.

Anesthesiology as a specialty has made a lot of progress during the last few decades. anesthesiology is not just an attempt to reduce pain during surgery, and anesthesiologists play a very important role in post-operative care, intensive care, labor analgesia, and pain clinics. However, studies have shown that most patients think that the anesthesiologist is the surgeon's assistant who puts the patient to sleep and wakes the patient up after the completion of the surgical procedure and they don't know about the comprehensive medical care that is provided before and after the surgery and even beyond that, that is provided by an anesthesiologist. The present study was conducted to evaluate patients who are candidates for surgery in relation to anesthesia and the different roles of anesthesiologists in the hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 1399-1400.

Method and Materials:

This study is a cross-sectional-descriptive survey on adult non-emergency surgery candidates in Rasool Akram and Firouzgar hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Data collection was done using a checklist that is provided to patients during the pre-surgery visit. Sampling in this research is done by a simple non-probability method.  The collected data are analyzed using SPSS statistical software.

In this study, 250 patients were included in the study. Age group with most of the patients were between the ages 40 to 50. 49.6% of patients were men and 50.4% were women. most of the participants had bachelor's and master's degrees, which constituted 38.8% of the patients, and 22% of the participants in this study worked in the healthcare sector. the patients of this study were divided into three groups living in the village, city, and metropolis, which included 18%, 35.2%, and 46.8%, respectively. 22.8% mentioned a previous history of surgery or anesthesia. In this study, 49.6%, 21.2%, and 35.6% were aware of the role of the anesthesiologist in pre-surgery, during surgery, and post-surgery procedures, respectively. Also, only 18.8% had sufficient information about the anesthesiologist's role in pain clinics, 13.2% of the anesthesiologist's role in labor analgesia, and 20.8% of the role of the anesthesiologist in the intensive care unit. In this study, the highest level of awareness of anesthesiology and the role of anesthesiologists was seen in the group with doctoral education and above. Also, the highest level of awareness was in the age group of 50 to 60 years. The level of knowledge about the role of anesthesiologists was higher in people who had a history of anesthesia than in people without a history of anesthesia

According to the results of our study, the level of awareness of patients who are candidates for surgery regarding the role of anesthesiologists in their treatment process and the general awareness of these patients to the different roles of anesthesiologists is low. Also, our study showed that people with older age and more education have more knowledge about anesthesia and anesthesiologist's roles in the hospital and in treating patients. However, planning to educate people to make them aware of the abilities of anesthesiologists can help in receiving appropriate healthcare services.

Abnormal hip and knee mechanics are often implicated in runners with history of injury. We considered evaluating a simple gait-retraining protocol, using auditory-external feedback, in runners with running-related injuries and abnormal hip and knee mechanics. The effect of using external-feedback may have been more profound if the content of instruction had been relevant to mechanics. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of auditory-external feedback on the mechanics and pain of recreational runners who have running-related injuries.

Twenty injured recreational runners’ participants in this study. One session was for pre-test and the next session was for auditory-external feedback on their pelvic alignment during running gait, which was provided to the subjects as they ran on a treadmill. 24 hours after the training session participants had to retry the test without feedback as the retention session. Variable of interest included pain, peak hip adduction, hip internal rotation, contralateral pelvic drop, and knee abduction. Hip and knee mechanics were assessed both pre- and post-retraining, and analyses were repeated at the retention session. Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA.

Subjects reduced significantly peak hip adduction and internal rotation, contralateral pelvic drop, and knee abduction during running pre-test and post-retraining (p <.03). There were also significant improvements in pain(P<0.001). At 24 hours post-retraining, most mechanics were not maintained and subjects don’t have a significant improvement between pre-test and retention session except for pain, which was maintained in retention session(p=0.04). Although not statically significant, all data were reported increased following the retention, except contralateral pelvic drop (p=.03).

Auditory -external feedback was effective in improving pain and the mechanics of gait patterns immediately after being instructed. But motor learning had not occurred because this improvement had not been maintained, although the result suggests that increasing intervention sessions might be effective.

Aim of the present study was to compare the effect of pilates and corestability exercises on diastasis recti, pain, functional disability and quality of life ofprimiparous mothers with nonspecific low back pain.

A total of 20 primiparous mothers between the ages of 20 and 30were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the pre-teststage, subject's diastasis recti, pain, functional disability and quality of life wereassessed by ultrasound device, VAS visual scale, Oswestery questionnaire andSF36 questionnaire, respectively. Subjects in exercise groups then performed theirrespective exercises for 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks, all study variables wereexamined again in the post-test stage. Two-way analysis of variance was used tostatistically analyze the research findings at a significance level of P≤0.05.

The results of two-way analysis of variance showed that in both traininggroups, the variables of diastasis recti, pain, functional disability and quality of life ofthe subjects in the post-test improved significantly compared to the pre-test. Also,the results of two-way analysis of variance showed that in the post-test stage, thereis no significant difference between the mean of the studied variables between thetwo training groups.

Pilates and core stability exercises due to ongoing stimulation of sub-maximal contractions and correction of movement patterns by invoking andincreasing the strength and coordination of the body's core stabilizer muscles, playsa significant role in improving diastasis recti, pain, function and quality of life inprimiparous mothers with nonspecific low back pain.

Chronic pain is a complex psychological experience that brings a lot of emotional and psychological pressure. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between disease perception, pain control beliefs, emotional ataxia, and pain self-efficacy with headache-related disability in migraine patients. 

The research method was a correlational description. For this purpose, 220 people who met the criteria for entering the study were selected from among the migraine headache sufferers who visited the neurology clinics of Isfahan city in the fall of 1400 through available sampling. The participants in the research responded to the questionnaires of illness perception, pain control beliefs, Toronto ataxia, pain self-efficacy and headache disability. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise regression analysis.

The results of the stepwise regression analysis showed that in the presence of all predictor variables and among these variables, alexia has the highest ability to predict disability caused by headache in migraine headache sufferers, followed by pain self-efficacy, disability caused by It predicts migraine in headache sufferers.

The disability caused by migraine headache, which is highly seen among the sufferers of this type of disease, is influenced by many psychological variables, so it is suggested to pay more attention to the psychological health of patients in this regard.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) with short-term solution-focused therapy (SSFT) on pain anxiety  & quality of life in patients with chronic headache.

This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of men suffering from chronic headache in Tabriz city in 202245 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method, and were randomly divided into three groups. The experimental groups received the treatment specific to their group in 8 and 6 1.5 hour sessions, respectively, but the control group received no treatment. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance.

In the pretest, mean and standard deviation of MBCT for pain anxiety  was (76/93±4/49) & for quality of life was (40/40±3/85); in SSFT for for pain anxiety  was (76/87±4/43) & for quality of life was (39/33±4/79); and in the control group for pain anxiety  was (78/27±4/14) & for quality of life was (40/60±3/52). Both treatments compared to the control group, reduced pain anxiety  and increased quality of life of patients after the test (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of these two treatments on pain anxiety  and quality of life was lasting (p<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on pain anxiety  and quality of life at posttest and follow-up was not different (p>0.05).

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that these two treatments have reduced pain anxiety and increased the quality of life of chronic headache patients.